Overall goal of this research is the role of tourism in rural development, Marivan city. In order to achieve this objective, two methods have been used to document and track. Approach and an exploratory study - an analysis of this issue in the tourist, what role in rural development, Marivan city, plays. The study population (15 villages studied), includes three groups of experts and staff (236 people), rural (8570) and tourists (1200) have been using formula and Morgan, respectively, 146 bachelors 291 out of 368 people, villagers and tourists as the sample size has been determined. How to choose the subjects and finally systematic random sampling is.In order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis, nonparametric Friedman test using SPSS software is used. The results show that the role of tourism in rural development Greatest impact on reducing rural exodus, and restoring social tourism in the local traditions and Greatest impact on the economic dimension of the rising cost of land and housing. Finally, according to achieved results and findings of the research Strategies for developing rural tourism activities is provided in the city of Marivan.

Good urban governance is one of the concepts that it takes into consideration the general welfare of citizens and its policies and programs are within the framework of specific indicators. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate good urban governance indicators in the central neighborhoods of Marivan city, (1, 2, 4, 14). The data and information of this research were collected in two ways, library and survey, that in the survey method, the questionnaire tool was used that validity and reliability were confirmed by experts in this field. The total sample size was estimated at 380 people using the Cochran formula, the sampling method is non-random and questionnaires were distributed randomly among citizens. SPSS and Excel software were used to analyze the data, and given the normality of the data, ANOVA test was used. Using Tukey’ s test, the differences between each neighborhood were investigated. The results indicated that in the neighborhoods studied, good urban governance indexes are not in desirable condition. The first and 14th neighborhoods do not have a significant difference in terms of accountability, consistency orientation and justice, and in other indices, these two neighborhoods have significant differences with each other. This significant difference is not high due to the difference in the average of the indices studied in both neighborhoods, and it can be said that the status of urban governance indicators in these two neighborhoods, like the two and four neighborhoods, is not in a desirable situation, and all of them are on almost the same level.

Introduction: Organizing urban land use which is the principal part of urban planning can cause spatial suitability and land use efficiency.The expansion of the urban activities and presentation of discipline, ethics, law and order and supervision of municipal affairs considering the convolution of economic and social relation of the cities falls under certain fields of specialization. Regarding the increasing growth of population, equal distribution of service over any district of cities is a complicated issue which requires subtle studies in the field of either extant capacities and facilities and future needs-the needs which form the basis urban planning. To have a fair planning, it is important to, first, follow the land use planning which should be accomplished with regard to urban density and Percapita. From among the essential criteria of the distribution of urban planning, the role of climatic social and economic factors, and the compatibility of applications is very important. Besides, gender and age are the most significant criteria for determining the urban functions.

The problem is studied within the traditional tourism activities are followed and failed at creating jobs and prosperity for the villagers as possible to earn enough to be effective. Inappropriate physical infrastructure as well as environmental and rural amenities and tourism, and lack of sufficient knowledge of their low education and tourism activities in the study area is another problem. So in this study is a case study of Marivan city tourist villages through the SWOT model and influence factors of rural tourism are evaluated Finally, with respect to the features and capabilities and limitations of the study area and utilizes the methods and models used Optimal strategies for rural tourism to be presented using SWOT model. Using the methodology of the study was descriptive - analytical survey method is performed. In the present study, collect data, document the visit and taking notes from the documents library And direct field observation, interviews, photo graphs, video, and data analysis methods for Strategic SWOT EXCEL and SPSS software is used. Also, to achieve the objectives of the study, three groups of officials and experts active, local elites and foreign residents and tourists have been selected as the target population.

This study was conducted to investigate the stages of job burnout formation among high school female teachers in Marivan. To do this, ten teachers with over twelve years of experience selected via three methods of simple, purposive, and snowball sampling were profoundly interviewed. The present study was done using phenomenological method. Results of data analysis indicated that job burnout includes five stages: 1. Realization of crisis; 2. Conflict; 3. Fatigue; 4. Crisis and 5. Deadlock. To ensure the validity of the data during the formation ofthe categories, the advisor’s comments and during the final formation of the categories, the informers’ comments were exerted.

The purpose of the present research is to examine the possibilities of intervene and change of the condition of social exclusion of Hawrami people from Souranis. In doing so we benefited from an approach embedded within the intellectual tradition of France (the relational) using Bourdieu's and Silver’ s concepts which are based on three paradigms (integration, specialization and the monopoly) to explain the exclusion. The methodology is critical ethnography which focuses on the current situation in society and supports the emancipation of marginalized people. The experience of Hawramis has been investigated in three contextual situations that result from the emigration of Hawramis to the city, leading to the emergence of three discourses in the urban social context. In the context of the first situation, which is characterized by the slow rate of migration and fall of Master-slave system, the problem of exclusion is not problematized yet. The changes after the Iran-Iraq war, expansion of the urbanization, the excess migration, and importance of market and domination of cultural hegemony resulted from relations with Iraqi Kurdistan is the second situation. This situational context is experienced by middle-aged people. The third situation, which focuses on the experience of young people, is characterized by merging in the cultural identity of the city, participation in associations, increased education. The present situation focuses on the homogenous urban-surani identity. Findings of the research show that Hawramis are excluded in the social and cultural spheres as well (as to maintain their distinctions) which is in the social field of their reaction through distinction from the association and intergroup activities (especially lingual-dialect distinction).

Introduction and purpose of research: The main role of urban furniture in the level of streets and urban spaces is the creation of places that is the language of the personality of human identity and the desired urban landscape. Proper design and utilization urban furniture fitting the environment in the open areas of the city, which we call urban spaces, is an essential element of urban planning. Spaces such as squares, parks, sidewalks, etc. have a great influence on the quality of urban life. The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of satisfaction of citizens from urban furniture in Marivan city as one of the tourist cities in Iran. Methodology: The type of research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. The method of collecting information is based on the library method and field surveys (observation, interview and questionnaire). Findings: Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. In this study, the average satisfaction of urban furniture in a five-dimensional range of 2. 68 which is lower than the average score. Conclusion: The results of the research show that the furniture situation in this city has not been favorable. Accessibility factor, attention to climatic conditions, attention to current standards, is not considered and unevenly and regardless to certain criteria have been constructed and the design and construction of urban furniture is low compared to common standards.

Background and Aim: Marivan city in Kurdistan province is one of the border areas of the country, the development of which is related to the issue of security in various ways. Investing in the city's tourism and economic potential requires, first and foremost, a sense of security for citizens living in Marivan. Accordingly, the main purpose of the study is to investigate the sense of security of the citizens of the city of Marivan and the difference in the sense of security according to their general characteristics. The sense of security in this study is measured in four dimensions: sense of life, financial security, prestige and sense of public comfort. Method: Due to the sensitivity of the subject and the characteristics of the statistical population, in this research, quantitative methods (self-implementation questionnaire) and qualitative (semi-structured interview and group discussion) have been used. Together, these two methods provide a more accurate and in-depth understanding of the subject matter. Findings and Results: The research findings show that citizens' sense of security is at an appropriate level in the four dimensions studied and also the result of these four dimensions is the sense of security. The qualitative findings of the study indicate that citizens have a lower level of security in the city compared to the past and a higher level of security in the city of Marivan compared to other cities. Citizens' sense of security differs significantly in terms of gender, education, and job status, and is inversely related to length of stay in the city. The preparation of various reports from the city of Marivan in the national media and the introduction of tourist attractions and economic capacities of this city along with its security situation have made the citizens of other provinces more familiar with the city of Marivan and improved their views on this. The city helps.

Informal settlements is one of the fundamental challenges of urban management and identifying the existing patterns in these settlements will help to manage this type of style of residence. This article attempts to analyze the existing patterns in informal settlements of Marivan city. Research method is descriptiveanalytical and research area includes four informal settlement areas of Marivan city (Kosar, Tape Musk, Sardoshi, Tfyny). The sample size is 320 people which were selected randomly and based on the population share of four districts and the social, economical and physical characteristics of the under study locations were collected and analyzed. The results show that in terms of origin before migration, the highest percentage of rural migration was belong to Tefyny (49%) and in other neighborhoods, Sardoshi areas (%67 percent) Kosar (72% percent) and 64% percent were the non-immigrant residents and have come from other neighborhoods to this informal settlements. From the view point of social, economical and physical indices, the two informal neighborhoods of tape Musk, Kosar and Sardoshi have different characteristics. Also in inferential statistics based on Tavy- B Kendall test, the neighborhoods of Tefyny and Tapemvsk together R=.214 And neighborhoods of Kosar and Sardoshi together R=.449 From the point of view of economical, social and physical, there is a direct and significant relationship.Also based on U- mann Whitney test, comparison between the neighborhoods of the Tfyny and tape musk with Kosar and Sardoshi sig=.000, Showed that in terms of the features of (social and physical) there are significant statistical differences between the two groups. As a result, Kosar and Sardoshi have simultaneously a mix of the features of formal and informal textures and at the same time TapeMusk neighborhood and Tefyny have similar features with the other common informal settlements. In fact, we are faced with two types of pattern in informal settlements in this city.

The effects of drought can be represented as water resources declinations, vegetation and consequently, reducing agricultural production. To study and monitor drought, it is necessary to quantify its effects using drought indices. The purpose of this study was to analyze drought in Marivan city using Landsat images from 2000 to 2017. After preprocessing the images, vegetation drought index (VDI) and vegetation health index (VHI) were extracted. Assessment of the indices showed that agricultural drought in VDI index was not observed in any year, and the values of this index were close to 100 that it indicates normal and optimal conditions. So, from 2000 to 2004 the normal conditions and from 2008 to 2017 have been optimal conditions in the dominant region. The results of VHI also show the Conditions without drought in the region. According to this index, extreme drought, severe drought and moderate drought in the studied years did not occur. The largest area of mild drought in the eastern and southeastern parts of the region in the 2000, 2001, 2003, and 2005 was 38. 23, 38. 28, 12. 29 and 35. 74 km2, respectively. In general, According to the main emphasis of this study, based on VDI and VHI indices, from 2000 to 2017 (with the exception of 2012), the results indicate the absence of agricultural drought in the Marivan city. Considering the benefits of satellite images such as broader coverage, higher temporal resolution and lower cost, it is recommended to use the knowledge of the remote sensing for drought study.